25which Is the First Software That Must Be Installed on a Computer After Hardware Installation?
Installation (or setup) of a computer program (including device drivers and plugins), is the act of making the program ready for execution. Installation refers to the item configuration of a software or hardware with a view to making it usable with the estimator. A soft or digital copy of the piece of software (program) is needed to install it. There are unlike processes of installing a piece of software (program). Because the procedure varies for each program and each computer, programs (including operating systems) ofttimes come up with an installer, a specialised program responsible for doing any is needed (see below) for the installation. Installation may be role of a larger software deployment procedure.
Installation typically involves code (program) being copied/generated from the installation files to new files on the local computer for easier access by the operating system, creating necessary directories, registering environment variables, providing separate plan for united nations-installation etc. Because lawmaking is generally copied/generated in multiple locations, uninstallation usually involves more than merely erasing the programme folder. For case, registry files and other organisation code may need to be modified or deleted for a complete uninstallation.
Overview [edit]
Some reckoner programs tin exist executed past simply copying them into a folder stored on a calculator and executing them. Other programs are supplied in a form unsuitable for immediate execution and therefore need an installation process. One time installed, the program can be executed again and again, without the demand to reinstall before each execution.
Common operations performed during software installations include:
- Making sure that necessary organization requirements are met
- Checking for existing versions of the software
- Creating or updating program files and folders
- Adding configuration data such as configuration files, Windows registry entries or surround variables
- Making the software accessible to the user, for instance by creating links, shortcuts or bookmarks
- Configuring components that run automatically, such equally daemons or Windows services
- Performing product activation
- Updating the software versions
These operations may require some charges or be gratis of charge. In case of payment, installation costs means the costs connected and relevant to or incurred as a result of installing the drivers or the equipment in the customers' bounds.
Some installers may endeavour to play a joke on users into installing junkware such as various forms of adware, toolbars, trialware or software of partnering companies.[ane] To prevent this, extra caution on what exactly is being asked to be installed is needed. The installation of additional software then can merely be skipped or unchecked (this may crave the user to use the "custom", "detailed" or "expert" version of the installation process).[1]
Such malicious bear is non necessarily a conclusion by the software developers or their visitor but can also exist an issue of external installers such as the Download.com installer by CNET.[two]
Necessity [edit]
As mentioned before, some reckoner programs need no installation. This was once usual for many programs which run on DOS, Mac OS, Atari TOS and AmigaOS. As computing environments grew more complex and fixed hard drives replaced floppy disks, the need for tangible installation presented itself. For example Commodore released the Installer for Amiga.
A course of modern applications that do not need installation are known equally portable applications, every bit they may be roamed effectually onto dissimilar computers and run. Similarly, in that location are live operating systems, which do non need installation and can be run straight from a bootable CD, DVD, USB wink drive or loaded over the network equally with sparse clients. Examples are AmigaOS 4.0, various Linux distributions, MorphOS or Mac OS versions 1.0 through nine.0. (See live CD and alive USB.) Finally, web applications, which run inside a web browser, do non need installation.
Types [edit]
Attended installation [edit]
On Windows systems, this is the most mutual form of installation. An installation process usually needs a user who attends it to make choices, such as accepting or declining an end-user license agreement (EULA), specifying preferences such every bit the installation location, supplying passwords or assisting in product activation. In graphical environments, installers that offer a wizard-based interface are common. Attended installers may ask users to help mitigate the errors. For case, if the disk in which the computer program is being installed was full, the installer may ask the user to specify another target path or clear enough space in the deejay. A common misconception is unarchivation, which is not considered an installation activeness because information technology does not include user choices, such as accepting or declining EULA.
Silent installation [edit]
Installation that does not display messages or windows during its progress. "Silent installation" is not the same as "unattended installation" (meet beneath): All silent installations are unattended simply not all unattended installations are silent. The reason backside a silent installation may be convenience or subterfuge. Malware is almost always installed silently.[ citation needed ] For normal users silent installation is of non much use , simply in bigger organizations where thousands of users work, deploying the applications becomes a typical task and for that reason silent installation is performed so that the awarding is installed in background without affecting the work of user. Silent parameters tin vary from software to software, if a software/application has silent parameters , it can be checked by " <software.exe> /? " or " <software.exe> /help " or " <software.exe> -assistance ".
Unattended installation [edit]
Installation that is performed without user interaction during its progress or with no user present at all. One of the reasons to use this approach is to automate the installation of a big number of systems. An unattended installation either does not require the user to supply anything or has received all necessary input prior to the kickoff of installation. Such input may be in the form of command line switches or an answer file, a file that contains all the necessary parameters. Windows XP and most Linux distributions are examples of operating systems that tin be installed with an answer file. In unattended installation, it is causeless that there is no user to help mitigate errors. For example, if the installation medium was faulty, the installer should fail the installation, every bit at that place is no user to set up the mistake or replace the medium. Unattended installers may tape errors in a computer log for afterwards review.
Headless installation [edit]
Installation performed without using a calculator monitor connected. In attended forms of headless installation, another motorcar connects to the target machine (for case, via a local area network) and takes over the display output. Since a headless installation does not demand a user at the location of the target computer, unattended headless installers may exist used to install a program on multiple machines at the aforementioned fourth dimension.
Scheduled or automated installation [edit]
An installation process that runs on a preset fourth dimension or when a predefined condition transpires, as opposed to an installation process that starts explicitly on a user's command. For example, a system administrator willing to install a later on version of a computer programme that is beingness used tin schedule that installation to occur when that programme is non running. An operating arrangement may automatically install a device driver for a device that the user connects. (See plug and play.) Malware may also be installed automatically. For example, the infamous Conficker was installed when the user plugged an infected device to their computer.
Clean installation [edit]
A clean installation is i that is done in the absence of whatever interfering elements such equally old versions of the calculator program being installed or leftovers from a previous installation. In item, the clean installation of an operating system is an installation in which the target disk partition is erased earlier installation. Since the interfering elements are absent, a clean installation may succeed where an unclean installation may neglect or may accept significantly longer.
Network installation [edit]
Network installation, shortened netinstall, is an installation of a program from a shared network resource that may be done by installing a minimal system earlier proceeding to download farther packages over the network. This may but be a copy of the original media but software publishers which offer site licenses for institutional customers may provide a version intended for installation over a network.
Installer [edit]
 | Look upwardly installer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
An installation program or installer is a computer program that installs files, such every bit applications, drivers, or other software, onto a computer. Some installers are specifically made to install the files they comprise; other installers are general-purpose and piece of work by reading the contents of the software package to be installed.
They exist both equally "standalone installer" (or "offline installer") and "web installer" (or "online installer"), where the former allows for offline installation as it contains all installation files, whereas the latter needs to download files necessary for installation from the web at the fourth dimension of installation.
The differences between a package direction organization and an installer are:
| Criterion | Package manager | Installer |
|---|---|---|
| Shipped with | Usually, the operating system | Each reckoner programme |
| Location of installation information | 1 primal installation database | It is entirely at the discretion of the installer. It could be a file inside the app'due south folder, or among the operating organization'southward files and folders. At best, they may register themselves with an uninstallers list without exposing installation information. |
| Scope of maintenance | Potentially all packages on the organisation | Only the product with which it was bundled |
| Adult by | One parcel managing director vendor | Multiple installer vendors |
| Package format | A handful of well-known formats | At that place could exist as many formats as the number of apps |
| Package format compatibility | Can exist consumed equally long as the package manager supports information technology. Either newer versions of the package manager proceed supporting information technology or the user does not upgrade the package manager. | The installer is always compatible with its archive format, if it uses any. Withal, installers, similar all reckoner programs, may be affected by software rot. |
Bootstrapper [edit]
During an installation of a computer program, it is sometimes necessary to update the installer or package manager itself. To make this possible, a technique called bootstrapping is used. The mutual design for this is to use small executable files which update the installer and starts the existent installation after the update. This small-scale executable is chosen bootstrapper. Sometimes the bootstrapper installs other prerequisites for the software during the bootstrapping procedure also.
Mutual types [edit]
Cantankerous-platform installer builders produce installers that run on Windows, macOS and Linux. An example is InstallAnywhere by Flexera Software.
Windows NT family includes an installation API and an associated service chosen Windows Installer. Microsoft provides a minimum level of tools required to create installers using Windows Installer in the freely available Windows SDK, instead focusing on the API to allow developers and third parties to leverage it in creating custom installers. Third party tools may supporting create installers using this API to speed the procedure. Examples include InstallShield (Flexera Software) and WiX (Outercurve Foundation). Installation authoring tools that do non rely on Windows Installer include Wise Installation Studio (Wise Solutions, Inc.), Installer VISE (MindVision Software), Visual Installer (SamLogic), NSIS, Clickteam, InnoSetup and InstallSimple.
macOS includes Installer, a native package manager. macOS also includes a separate software updating application, Software Update but only supports Apple and system software. Included in the dock as of ten.6.six, the Mac App Store shares many attributes with the successful App Store for iOS devices, such every bit a similar app approval process, the employ of Apple tree ID for purchases, and automated installation and updating. Although this is Apple tree's preferred delivery method for macOS,[iii] previously purchased licenses can not exist transferred to the Mac App Store for downloading or automatic updating. Commercial applications for macOS may likewise use a third-political party installer, such as Mac version of Installer VISE (MindVision Software) or InstallerMaker (StuffIt).
Organization installer [edit]
A organization installer is the software that is used to gear up and install an operating system onto a device. Examples of system installers on Linux are Ubiquity and Wubi for Ubuntu, Anaconda for CentOS and Fedora, Debian-Installer for Debian-based versions of Linux, and YaST for SUSE-based projects. Another example is found in the Haiku operating system, which uses a utility called Haiku Installer to install itself onto a device after booting from a live CD or alive USB.
Come across besides [edit]
- Application streaming
- Application virtualization
- Pre-installed software
- Self-extractable archive
- Software distribution
- Uninstaller
References [edit]
- ^ a b Hoffman, Chris (27 July 2013). "How to Avert Installing Junk Programs When Downloading Free Software". HowToGeek. Retrieved vi Oct 2015.
- ^ Mathews, Lee (22 August 2011). "Download.com wraps downloads in bloatware, lies about motivations". ExtremeTech. Retrieved six Oct 2015.
- ^ "macOS - What is macOS". Apple tree . Retrieved 5 April 2018.
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